Nachdem gestern abend das wohl entweder keiner gelesen oder keiner verstanden hat, hier nochmal zum Wachwerden:
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/availab…ed/lmburley.pdf
da ist die ganze Studie (91 Seiten) nachzulesen.
ZitatAlles anzeigenThe Effects of Miticides on the Reproductive Physiology of Honey Bee
(Apis mellifera L.) Queens and Drones
Lisa Marie Burley
Abstract
The effects of miticides on the reproductive physiology of queens and drones
were examined.
The first study examined the effects of Apistan® (fluvalinate), Check
Mite+ (coumaphos), and Apilife VAR® (74% thymol) on sperm production and viability
in drones. Drones from colonies treated with each miticide were collected at sexual
maturity.
Sperm production was determined by counting the number of sperm in the
seminal vesicles.
Sperm for viability assays was analyzed by dual fluorescent staining.
Apilife VAR® and coumaphos significantly lowered (P<0.0001) sperm production and
coumaphos treatments caused a significant decrease (P<0.0001) in the sperm viability.
The effects of miticides on queens was examined by treating queen-rearing
colonies and examining the number and viability of sperm in the spermathecae of newly
mated queens.
Queens from each treatment group were collected after mating and the
spermathecae were removed and analyzed.
Colonies treated with coumaphos failed to
provide viable queens and were excluded.
Apilife VAR® was found to significantly decrease (P<0.0016) sperm viability.
No significant differences in sperm numbers were found between treatments.
The effect of miticides on sperm viability over time was also examined.
Drones were reared as described, but the spermatozoa were collected as pooled samples from groups of drones.
The pooled samples from each treatment were subdivided and analyzed periods of up to 6 weeks.
Random samples were taken from each treatment (n = 6 pools) over a period of 6 weeks.
The exposure of drones to coumaphos during development
significantly reduced sperm viability for all 6 weeks, and caused a large decline in week
6. The potential impacts of these results on queen performance and failure are discussed.
Der letzte Satz in der Diskussion der Ergebnisse:
ZitatThe results of this study clearly show that coumaphos should not be used in
colonies where drones are produced.
Compared to controls and other miticide treatments sperm viability of drones exposed to coumaphos was significantly lower initially and continued the trend through the 6 week sampling period.
It is possible that extreme viability decreases observed in spermatozoa stored from coumaphos exposed drones could affect the performance of queens if mated with these drones.
Queen performance could drastically decline 6 weeks after insemination or mating, leading to queen failure, and thus partially explain the current problems associated with maintaining productive queens in colonies.
Also, auch Perizin sollte verboten werden - in unser aller Interesse.